Gully erosion spatial modelling: Role of machine learning algorithms in selection of the best controlling factors and modelling process     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(6):2207-2219

This investigation assessed the efficacy of 10 widely used machine learning algorithms (MLA) comprising the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), generalized linear model (GLM), stepwise generalized linear model (SGLM), elastic net (ENET), partial least square (PLS), ridge regression, support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression trees (CART), bagged CART, and random forest (RF) for gully erosion susceptibility mapping (GESM) in Iran. The location of 462 previously existing gully erosion sites were mapped through widespread field investigations, of which 70% (323) and 30% (139) of observations were arbitrarily divided for algorithm calibration and validation. Twelve controlling factors for gully erosion, namely, soil texture, annual mean rainfall, digital elevation model (DEM), drainage density, slope, lithology, topographic wetness index (TWI), distance from rivers, aspect, distance from roads, plan curvature, and profile curvature were ranked in terms of their importance using each MLA. The MLA were compared using a training dataset for gully erosion and statistical measures such as RMSE (root mean square error), MAE (mean absolute error), and R-squared. Based on the comparisons among MLA, the RF algorithm exhibited the minimum RMSE and MAE and the maximum value of R-squared, and was therefore selected as the best model. The variable importance evaluation using the RF model revealed that distance from rivers had the highest significance in influencing the occurrence of gully erosion whereas plan curvature had the least importance. According to the GESM generated using RF, most of the study area is predicted to have a low (53.72%) or moderate (29.65%) susceptibility to gully erosion, whereas only a small area is identified to have a high (12.56%) or very high (4.07%) susceptibility. The outcome generated by RF model is validated using the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) curve approach, which returned an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.985, proving the excellent forecasting ability of the model. The GESM prepared using the RF algorithm can aid decision-makers in targeting remedial actions for minimizing the damage caused by gully erosion.  相似文献   

邯邢地区中生代侵入岩中磷灰石的成因矿物学研究     

梁贤 《地质与勘探》2020,56(5):969-984

氧逸度为有效的氧分压，是实验岩石学中重要的研究课题，岩浆的氧逸度是继温度、压力、浓度等影响成岩成矿过程的关键性物理化学参数。本文利用磷灰石的氧逸度计，对邯邢地区六大主要岩体的岩浆氧逸度进行了计算。研究结果显示，样品中的磷灰石主要为羟-氟磷灰石，磷灰石的形态、成分和结构特征指示其为岩浆成因。磷灰石中的Mn元素在晶格中有两种方式，多以Mn3＋和Mn5＋的方式进入晶格。磷灰石氧逸度计计算的logfo2为-12.31~-9.75，均值-11.02。参考与磷灰石共生角闪石的形成温度，认为邯邢地区岩浆岩普遍具有较高的氧逸度。根据磷灰石氧逸度值与矿床规模的填图结果，认为并非氧逸度越高越有利于邯邢式铁矿的形成。结合矿物学填图等值线闭合的趋势，进而推断邯邢地区中部的符山和武安岩体深部可能仍存在较好的找矿远景。  相似文献   

Dynamic responses of unsaturated half‐space soil to a moving harmonic rectangular load          下载免费PDF全文

Zheng Lu  Ran Fang  Hailin Yao  Cheng Dong  Shaohua Xian 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(9):1057-1077

The problem of the dynamic responses of a semi‐infinite unsaturated poroelastic medium subjected to a moving rectangular load is investigated analytical/numerically. The dynamic governing equations are obtained with consideration of the compressibility of solid grain and pore fluid, inertial coupling, and viscous drag as well as capillary pressure in the unsaturated soil, and they can be easily degraded to the complete Biot's theory. Using the Fourier transform, the general solution for the equations is derived in the transformed domain, and then a corresponding boundary value problem is formulated. By introducing fast Fourier transform algorithm, the unsaturated soil vertical displacements, effective stresses, and pore pressures induced by moving load are computed, and some of the calculated results are compared with those for the degenerated solution of saturated soils and confirmed. The influences of the saturation, the load speed, and excitation frequency on the response of the unsaturated half‐space soil are investigated. The numerical results reveal that the effects of these parameters on the dynamic response of the unsaturated soil are significant.  相似文献   

基于萤火虫和蝙蝠群智能算法的瑞雷波频散曲线反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

蔡伟  宋先海  袁士川  胡莹 《地球物理学报》2018,61(6):2409-2420

反演瑞雷波频散曲线能有效获取地层横波速度和厚度.但由于其高度的非线性、多参数、多极值等特点，传统的全局搜索方法易出现收敛速度慢、早熟收敛及搜索精度低的问题.鉴于此，本文提出并测试了基于萤火虫优化算法（FA）和带惯性权重的蝙蝠优化算法（WBA）的新的瑞雷波频散曲线反演策略.在瑞雷波频散曲线反演中，FA全局搜索能力强，但后期搜索精度低，而WBA局部搜索能力强，搜索精度高，但易出现早熟收敛.故本文将二者结合，提出了一种新的优化策略，称其为WFBA，即在反演前期使用FA，后期使用WBA，很好地解决了FA后期搜索精度低及WBA早熟收敛的问题.本文首先反演了三个典型理论模型的无噪声、含噪声的数据，验证了WFBA对瑞雷波数据反演的有效性与稳定性.然后将WFBA与WBA、FA单独反演以及不含惯性权重的FBA和粒子群优化算法（PSO）反演的结果进行了对比，说明了WFBA相对于WBA、FA、FBA和PSO具有更稳定、收敛速度更快、求解精度更高等优点.最后，反演了来自美国怀俄明地区的实测资料，检验了WFBA对瑞雷波数据反演的实用性.理论模型试算和实测资料分析表明，WFBA很适用于瑞雷波频散曲线的定量解释，具有很高的实用性价值.  相似文献   

Data-based modelling approach for variable density flow and solute transport simulation in a coastal aquifer   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Basant Yadav  Shashi Mathur  Sudheer Ch  Brijesh Kumar Yadav 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(2):210-226

Data-based models, namely artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), genetic programming (GP) and extreme learning machine (ELM), were developed to approximate three-dimensional, density-dependent flow and transport processes in a coastal aquifer. A simulation model, SEAWAT, was used to generate data required for the training and testing of the data-based models. Statistical analysis of the simulation results obtained by the four models show that the data-based models could simulate the complex salt water intrusion process successfully. The selected models were also compared based on their computational ability, and the results show that the ELM is the fastest technique, taking just 0.5 s to simulate the dataset; however, the SVM is the most accurate, with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) ≥ 0.95 and correlation coefficient R ≥ 0.92 for all the wells. The root mean square error (RMSE) for the SVM is also significantly less, ranging from 12.28 to 77.61 mg/L.  相似文献   

地理国情监测水面数据时空一致性优化方法     

程滔  周旭  郑新燕  郭建坤  袁如金 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(9):1216-1224

地理国情监测利用遥感、地理信息等技术,动态获取地表覆盖等多样化的地理要素,经统计、分析、评价和应用,服务于政治、经济、文化、资源、环境等多个领域,为政府提供全面、准确、基础的地理信息情报。针对地理国情监测在全国范围基于多时相遥感影像采集水面信息存在时空不一致性的现状,提出一种基于精细DEM的水面数据时空一致性优化方法。利用栅格图形区域生长算法,采用8邻域算子,对水面种子点进行迭代生长计算,得出基于精细DEM的区域生长结果;通过与地理国情监测水面数据对比分析,实现空间化结果的修正,从而达到时空一致性优化的目的。分析了典型研究区水面数据特征,利用该方法进行了优化处理,结果显示：研究区水面数据空间范围相对于时点监测修正了7.99%,满足了地理国情监测时点一致性需求。研究表明：该方法的应用,能够使得在全国尺度上统计的水面数据反映同一季节或可接受时段内的状况,避免或缩小了由于影像数据源的差异造成的时间和空间上的不一致性带来的误差,满足了地理国情监测时点一致性需求,能够在地理国情监测等地表覆盖水面信息提取、优化中推广应用,为政府有效决策提供客观、准确和基础的水面信息。  相似文献   

洞庭湖水系五强溪水库光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)遗传多样性的AFLP分析     

刘良国  杨品红  王文彬  杨春英  邹万生  刘飞  韩庆 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(4):919-924

为了了解沅水五强溪大坝阻隔对光泽黄颡鱼可能造成的遗传多样性影响,采用AFLP分子标记技术,对沅水五强溪水库库区和沅水下游两个光泽黄颡鱼野生群体进行了遗传多样性分析。9对选择性引物在两个光泽黄颡鱼群体中,共扩增出1243个位点,多态位点1091个,多态位点比率为87.77%。其中库区和沅水下游群体多态位点比率分别为85.41%、83.25%,观测等位基因数分别为1.854±0.592、1.803±0.622,有效等位基因数分别为1.597±0.381、1.574±0.377,Nei’s多样性指数分别为0.220±0.211、0.207±0.195,Shannon’s信息指数分别为0.330±0.305、0.302±0.338;两个群体内的平均遗传距离分别为0.124±0.072、0.119±0.057,群体间的平均遗传距离为0.127±0.100。两个群体的遗传参数比较不存在显著差异(P0.05)。聚类分析显示,UPGMA系统树没有依据群体而形成明显的两大分支。以上结果表明,五强溪水库库区和沅水下游两个光泽黄颡鱼群体的遗传多样性丰富,光泽黄颡鱼种群遗传结构对水库大坝阻隔的响应不明显。  相似文献   

台湾以东黑潮路径识别与变化规律   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王辉赞  魏林进  张全礼  刘磊  刘科峰 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(2):271-279

为研究对中国台湾以东海域黑潮路径及其变化,本文基于法国空间局AVISO中心提供的1993—2015年的卫星遥感海表流场逐日资料,对121°—125°E,22.4°—25°N海域黑潮路径进行了逐日识别,得到了共计23年累计8400天的台湾以东黑潮流轴的逐日路径,并研究其在不同纬度的流轴位置及其对应的表面黑潮流量的时空变化规律。主要结论如下:(1)采用模糊C-均值聚类法对台湾以东黑潮流轴路径进行聚类分析,发现台湾以东黑潮流轴在24°N以南出现明显摆动,形成正常和偏东两种路径;黑潮流轴存在明显的时间变化,流轴偏东现象年平均大约出现25次,大致每隔3年出现一次偏东较少的现象,各月流轴偏东次数以4、5月最少,10月至次年3月较多;(2)台湾以东黑潮表面流量大小在6.2—8.3×104m2/s之间;总体上来说,纬度越高流量越大,在23.5°N左右范围内存在一个流量低值中心;在24.3°N以北流量总体较大,且增长趋势稳定,同时表面流量大小具有较强的季节和年际变化特征。  相似文献   

连云港近海紫菜养殖区遥感识别、空间变异和驱动分析     

卢霞  顾杨  王晓静  林雅丽  赵倩  王凯  刘笑楠  费鲜芸 《海洋科学》2018,42(7):87-96

为了科学有效地掌握海域使用信息、管理海域权属,为海域资源调查、管理、规划、保护、合理利用提供服务,为违法、违规、违章用海项目得到有效遏制,减少用海矛盾,有必要开展海域使用动态监测,作者以连云港近海为研究区,利用4个时相Landsat遥感影像(2002、2008、2013、2016年)通过面向对象算法提取弱水背景下的紫菜养殖区信息,揭示空间分异规律,并分析其驱动原因。研究结果表明:4期影像提取连云港近海紫菜养殖区信息的精度分别是87.5%、92%、91.7%和94.6%。紫菜养殖区空间分布的变化规律为紫菜养殖面积不断增加且整体向深海方向推进。赣榆港口航运区和田湾核电站特殊利用区存在少量紫菜养殖区,项目用海不符合连云港市海洋功能区划(2016～2020年)。连云港近海紫菜养殖区空间分异的驱动因子主要是自然条件、养殖技术、海洋经济和社会发展四大因素。  相似文献   

哈达贺休盐湖卤水氢氧同位素特征及成因分析          下载免费PDF全文

马正明  山发寿  姜盼武  李庆宽  魏海成  李永寿 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1)

内蒙古哈达贺休盐湖蕴藏着较为丰富的地下卤水资源，但人们对其成因和演化机制尚缺乏充分的认识。本文采用稳定同位素方法，研究了哈达贺休盐湖地下卤水及其周边水体的氢氧同位素组成特征，并对卤水的成因进行了分析。结果表明：哈达贺休盐湖地下卤水的?D和?18O值平均值分别为-0.53 ‰和4.01 ‰，黑河河水的?D和?18O值平均值分别为-36.73 ‰和-5.51 ‰，居延海湖水的?D和?18O值平均值分别为1.26 ‰和2.73 ‰，当地大气降水的?D和?18O值平均值分别为-5.30 ‰和-1.20 ‰。研究区水体的蒸发趋势线方程为δD=5.32δ18O-20.08，该蒸发线偏离全球大气降水线。黑河河水的氘盈余值（d）最大，湖水和地下卤水的最小，而且湖水和卤水的d值与TDS呈负相关关系。偏正的?D和?18O值以及较小的d值，表明研究区卤水经历了强烈的蒸发，同时还存在与含氧类矿物的同位素交换反应。卤水和居延海湖水氢氧同位素值分布比较集中并且接近，二者都由黑河河水演化而来。  相似文献